Hash functions are designed to be one-way, meaning that it is very difficult to determine the input that produces a given output. Instead, authentication systems store a password hash, which is the result of sending the password - and a random value called a salt - through a hash function. This would make it far too easy for a hacker or a malicious insider to gain access to all of the user accounts on the system. A well-designed password-based authentication system doesn’t store a user’s actual password.
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